ENR 1.6 RADAR SERVICES AND PROCEDURES

1.6.1 Primary radar

1.6.1.1 Supplementary services

1.6.1.1.1. A radar unit operates as an integral part of the parent ATS unit and provides radar service to aircraft, to the maximum extent practicable, to meet the operational requirement. Many factors, such as radar coverage, controller workload and equipment capabilities, may affect these services, and the radar controller shall determine whether he is able to provide radar services in any specific case.
1.6.1.1.2. Before being provided with radar service, ATC will establish identification of the aircraft concerned through the use of position reports, identifying turns, or the use of transponders. The controller will inform the pilot of the type of radar service being provided. A pilot will be informed whenever radar identification is established or lost.

Example : "RADAR IDENTIFIED" or "RADAR IDENTIFICATION LOST"

1.6.1.2 Civil ATC radar coverage

1.6.1.2.1. Jeddah and Riyadh area control center utilizes numerous radar stations located within the FIR. These radar stations provide an area of SSR(mosaic) radar coverage above FL240.
1.6.1.2.2. Jeddah approach control operates two Terminal Surveillance Radars (TMARs) stations (Main & Backup) located at Jeddah/ King Abdulaziz International Airport. The Main Radar station has a combined PSR and MSSR system with maximum PSR range of 80NM and maximum MSSR range of 250NM. The backup Radar station has a MSSR system only with a maximum range of 250NM.
1.6.1.2.3. Riyadh approach control service operates two Terminal Area Surveillance Radars (TMARs) stations located at Riyadh/ King Khaled International Airport. The Main Radar station has a combined PSR and MSSR system with maximum PSR range of 80NM and maximum MSSR range of 250NM. Backup Radar station has a MSSR system with maximum range of 250 NM.
1.6.1.2.4. Dammam approach control service operates two Terminal Area Surveillance Radars (TMARs) stations located at Dammam/ King Fahd International Airport. The Main Radar station has a combined PSR and MSSR system with maximum PSR range of 80NM and maximum MSSR range of 250NM. Backup Radar station has a MSSR system with maximum range of 250 NM.
1.6.1.2.5. ABHA approach control service operates Terminal Area Surveillance Radar (TMAR) one station located at Abha Airport. The station has a combined PSR and MSSR system. The maximum primary radar range is 80 NM . The maximum secondary radar ranges are 200 NM and 250 NM, the second one MSSR located at AL-sodah maximum radar ranges are 200 NM and 250 NM.
1.6.1.2.6. Madinah approach control service operates Terminal Area Surveillance Radar (TMAR) one station located at Madinah/ prince Mohammed bin Abdulaziz International Airport. The station has a combined PSR and MSSR system with maximum PSR range of 80NM and maximum MSSR range of 250NM.
1.6.1.2.7. Gassim approach control service operates Terminal Area Surveillance Radar (TMAR) one station located at Gassim/ prince Naif bin Abdulaziz Airport. The station has one MSSR system with maximum range of 250NM.
1.6.1.2.8. Hail approach control service operates Terminal Area Surveillance Radar (TMAR) one station located at Hail Airport. The station has one MSSR system with maximum range of 250NM.
1.6.1.2.9. Jazan approach control service operates Terminal Area Surveillance Radar (TMAR) one station located at Jazan /King Abdullah bin abdulaziz Airport. The station has one MSSR system with maximum range of 250NM.

1.6.1.3 The application of radar control service

1.6.1.3.1. Radar identification is achieved according to the provisions specified by ICAO.
1.6.1.3.2. Radar control service is provided in controlled airspace to aircraft operating within Dammam, Jeddah, Abha, Riyadh, Madinah, Gassim, Hail, Taif and Tabuk TMAs and to aircraft operating enroute within the areas of radar coverage. This service may include:
  1. radar separation of arriving, departing and enroute traffic;
  2. radar monitoring of arriving, departing and enroute traffic to provide information on any significant deviation from normal flight path;
  3. radar vectoring when required;
  4. assistance to aircraft in emergency;
  5. warnings and position information on other aircraft considered to constitute a hazard;
  6. information to assist in the navigation of aircraft; and
  7. information on observed weather.
1.6.1.3.3. The minimum horizontal radar separations that may be used are:
  1. 20NM constant or increasing; in connection with radar transfers to adjacent FIRs Jeddah ACC will be providing radar separation in Jeddah FIR along ATS Routes in class A airspace FL150 & above, (throughout Jeddah FIR) except that portion south of 2200N & east of 04800E ,
  2. 10NM Enroute
  3. 5 NM in TMAs;  ABHA CTA, DAMMAM CTA, JEDDAH CTA EAST, JEDDHA CTA WEST, RIYADH CTA NORTH AND RIYADH CTA SOUTH.
  4. 3 NM on final APCH at King Abdulaziz International Airport only.
1.6.1.3.4. Levels assigned by the radar controller will ensure required terrain clearance whenever an aircraft is vectored enroute or when aircraft are being vectored for arrival until the aircraft is within the final approach area.
1.6.1.3.5. When vectoring is initiated, the pilot will be informed of the reason for the vector or location to which the aircraft is being vectored.
1.6.1.3.6. Pilots will be informed when radar vectoring is terminated, except when the aircraft is vectored to the final approach course or to the traffic circuit.
 
Example : "RESUME NORMAL NAVIGATION"
1.6.1.3.7. Normally radar service will be continued until an aircraft leaves the area of radar service coverage, enters uncontrolled airspace, or is transferred to an ATC unit not equipped with radar. When radar service is terminated, the pilot will be informed accordingly.
 
Example : "RADAR SERVICE TERMINATED"
1.6.1.3.8. When using issuing radar traffic information, ATC will define the relative location of traffic, weather areas, etc., by referring to the "clock" position system. In this system, the 12 o´clock position is based on the observed radar track rather than the actual nose of the aircraft. In conditions of a strong crosswind, pilots are cautioned that this can lead to an apparent discrepancy between the position as reported by the controller and the position observed by the pilot.

1.6.1.3.9 Radar traffic information will be issued as follows:

  1. Position of aircraft in relation of aircraft's observed track;
  2. Direction in which the aircraft is proceeding; and
  3. Type of aircraft and altitude, if known.

Example : "TRAFFIC 2 O'CLOCK 5MILES,WESTBOUND, B737 FL350"

1.6.1.4 Radar and radio failure procedures

1.6.1.4.1 Radar failure

In the event of radar failure or loss of radar identification, instructions will be issued to restore non-radar standard separation and the pilot will be instructed to communicate with the appropriate ATSU.

1.6.1.4.2 Radio failure

1.6.1.4.2.1. If a communication failure occurs while a flight is being radar vectored at an altitude below the minimum IFR altitude shown in the instrument approach chart, the pilot should climb immediately to appropriate published minimum altitude, unless the flight is able to continue in visual meteorological condition ( VMC ).
1.6.1.4.2.2. If the controller is able to establish receive only communications through the use of identifying turns or operation of the SSR transponder, radar service will continue to be provided.
1.6.1.4.2.3. If the aircraft determines that a complete radio communication failure has occurred, the pilot should carry out the appropriate radio failure procedures in accordance with ICAO communications failure provisions.

1.6.1.4.3 Graphic portrayal of area of radar coverage

Since the area of radar coverage is identical to that of SSR, see ENR 1.6 - portrayal of area of coverage of radar/SSR.

1.6.2 Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)

1.6.2.1 General procedures

1.6.2.1.1. Enroute radar coverage outside of terminal areas is provided by radar information derived from secondary surveillance radar (SSR) only (i.e., without associated primary radar coverage) In these cases, it is not possible to provide traffic information or some of the other flight information to aircraft that are not transponder - equipped.
1.6.2.1.2. Weather information is not available to aircraft operating in the enroute environment where SSR only radar information is being displayed.
1.6.2.1.3. The area of SSR radar coverage is depicted on ENR 1.6.
1.6.2.1.4. Mode C shall be selected at all times unless otherwise - instructed by ATC.

1.6.2.2 Emergency procedures

1.6.2.2.1. Except when encountering a state of emergency, pilots shall operate transponders and select modes and codes in accordance with ATC instructions. In particular, when entering Jeddah FIR, pilots who have already received specific instructions transferring from ATC unit concerning the setting of the transponder, shall continue to squawk the previously assigned code until otherwise instructed.
 
1.6.2.2.2. Pilots of aircraft about to enter Jeddah FIR, who have not received specific instructions from either the transferring ATC unit or A Saudi Arabian ATC unit concerning the transponder setting, shall operate the transponder on the following appropriate Mode A/ 3 codes prior to entry;
  1. controlled flights - 2000; or
  2. uncontrolled flights - 7000;

and maintain that code setting unless otherwise instructed by ATC.
1.6.2.2.3. All flights departing airports or strips within Jeddah FIR, and do not have pre-allocated SSR codes, shall operate Mode A/3 code 1100 prior to departure unless otherwise instructed by ATC.
1.6.2.2.4. If the pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of emergency has previously been directed by ATC to operate the transponder on a specific code, this code setting shall be maintained until otherwise advised. In all other circumstances, the transponder shall be set to Mode A/3, code 7700 or 7500, as applicable.
1.6.2.2.5. Notwithstanding this procedure, a pilot may select Mode A/3 code 7700 or 7500 whenever the nature of the emergency is such that this appears to him to be the most suitable course of action.

1.6.2.3 Radio communication failure and unlawful interference procedures

1.6.2.3.1 Radio communication failure procedures

In the event of an aircraft radio communication failure, a pilot shall select Mode A/3, Code 7600 and follow established procedures; subsequent control of the aircraft will be based on those procedures.
 
Note : Continuous monitoring of responses on Mode A/3 Code 7600 is provided.

1.6.2.3.2 Unlawful interference procedures

Due to the constraints imposed upon ATC units when handling cases of unlawful interference ( HIJACK ), pilots must exercise great care when setting transponders to ensure that Mode A/3 code 7500 is never unintentionally selected.
 
Note : Continuous monitoring of responses on Mode A/3 code assignment.

1.6.2.4 System of SSR Code assignment

1.6.2.4.1. The applicable SSR code allotment plan ( CAP ) is that for the ICAO Middle East Region ( MID ) participating area (PA) which comprises the FIR in the western part of the MID region plus Cairo FIR.
1.6.2.4.2. The objective of the CAP is to co-ordinate the use of 4096 SSR Mode A/3 codes to allow one code assigned to an aircraft to be maintained for the longest possible time during a flight in or through the MID PA

1.6.2.4.3 Distribution of codes

There are three categories of codes:
  1. special purpose codes;
  2. transit codes for international use; and
  3. domestic codes for national use.
1.6.2.4.3.1 Special purpose codes
 
  0000 general purpose for national use by MID PA States;
2000 controlled flights not assigned a specific code;
7000 uncontrolled flights not assigned a specific code;
7500 unlawful interference (HIJACK);
7600 radiotelephony communication failure (RCF);
7700 emergency
1.6.2.4.3.2 Transit codes
The following code series have been allocated for use as transit codes for international flights originating in the Jeddah FIR.
  3100 to 3177 inclusive
3500 to 3577 inclusive
6100 to 6177 inclusive
1.6.2.4.3.3 Domestic codes
The following code series have been allocated for use as domestic codes for all flights originating and remaining in the Jeddah FIR.
  4300 to 4377 inclusive
4500 to 4577 inclusive
4600 to 4677 inclusive
5200 to 5277 inclusive
6300 to 6377 inclusive


 

1.6.2.4.4 Code assignment procedure

1.6.2.4.4.1. Transit aircraft entering or departing from aerodromes within the MID PA will be assigned a specific code by the first ATS unit responsible, from the blocks allocated to the ACC concerned, and this code will be retained by that aircraft for the entire flight within the MID PA.
1.6.2.4.4.2. A code is normally required to be changed on leaving the MID PA but may be retained during continuation of the flight beyond that if co-ordinated with affected ATS units.
 
1.6.2.4.4.3. A protection period of approximately three hours is used after which an assigned code may be reassigned.
1.6.2.4.4.4. Domestic codes are only assigned to aircraft which will remain within the specified airspace at all times and are protected in respect of operations in adjacent FIR.

RADAR COVERAGE FL200

RADAR COVERAGE FL300